Metformin, Glucophage

Women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) have elevated male hormones, do not ovulate regularly (or at all), and are often hyperinsulinemic (elevated insulin levels). These women typically have ovaries covered with numerous small cysts. Chronically elevated insulin levels add to the overproduction of some male hormones, leading to the development of excess body hair, a classic pear shaped body, irregular menses, oily skin, and acne. The insulin cells in PCOS patients are insulin resistant meaning the body "overproduces" insulin to compensate and keep glucose levels in the normal range.

Metformin was originally used to treat Type II diabetes and works by sensitizing cells to insulin thus lowering insulin production. When metformin is used in PCOS patients, it causes a reduction in insulin and ultimately reduced androgens leading to ovulation. Metformin is used alone to induce ovulation or it may be combined with FSH or Clomid. Many specialists prescribe metformin "long-term" because it reduces many of the negative health consequences associated with PCOS such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease.

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